Praestegaard Group AB · Sweden
Know what can fail before it matters
Independent maritime cyber-risk assessment and assurance for vessels, systems and operations across Levels of Autonomy 1 to 4.
Service coverage
Levels of Autonomy 1 to 4
Autonomy is not a simple transition from crewed to uncrewed operation. Each level creates different relationships between the vessel, crew, shore organisation, systems, suppliers and decision authority.
- LoA1
- LoA2
- LoA3
- LoA4
01, The shift
Cyber risk changes as autonomy changes
A manned vessel can already depend heavily on connected, automated and remotely supported systems. As autonomous functions increase, responsibilities, control, system dependencies and failure consequences change. We identify these changes before they become operational weaknesses.
02, The assessment
An assessment built for the decision in front of you
We examine the vessel, system, project or scenario as a whole: IT and OT dependencies, automated functions, human oversight, operational consequences, governance, supplier responsibilities and the evidence needed to support a defensible decision.
- 01A prioritised register of credible cyber and operational risks
- 02Clear immediate actions and longer-term mitigations
- 03Missing assumptions, controls and fallback arrangements exposed
- 04Questions and evidence requirements for suppliers and stakeholders
- 05An expert-reviewed management brief and practical roadmap
03, Method
From decision to action plan
Define the decision and operational context
Review systems, people, dependencies and evidence
Prioritise risks and challenge assumptions
Deliver actions, mitigations and verification needs
04, Evidence
Research informed. Expert reviewed.
Our work is grounded in peer-reviewed maritime cybersecurity research and structured sociotechnical analysis. Every client deliverable is professionally reviewed and must be evaluated against the applicable operational context, regulation, classification requirements and engineering constraints.
DOI 10.12716/1001.20.01.2505, Engage
Three ways to work with us
Cyber-risk assessment across LoA 1 to 4
A focused assessment of a vessel, system, project or operational scenario at the applicable Level of Autonomy.
02Autonomy transition and design assurance
Independent challenge of new designs, retrofit plans, automated functions, operational concepts and supporting evidence.
03Operational preparedness and governance
Structured scenarios and exercises for cyber incidents, system failures, connectivity loss and changes in operational control.
Specialist service
MASS Code readiness
For vessels and projects within the relevant scope, we assess readiness for the non-mandatory IMO MASS Code and its future development. This is a specialist application within our broader work across Levels of Autonomy 1 to 4.
Explore MASS Code readiness06, Leadership
Björn Praestegaard Larsen
Björn Praestegaard Larsen leads each engagement, combining expert judgement, peer-reviewed research and proprietary analytical methods developed for maritime cyber risk across different Levels of Autonomy.
Read more07, Next step
Start with one bounded decision or scenario
Describe the decision, system or operational change you need to assess. We will propose a focused engagement with defined deliverables.
Discuss an assessment